Scenario Characteristics: Smart warehouses, automated ports, smart factories, and similar environments. AGVs operate 24/7 with extremely high demands on charging efficiency, range consistency, and safety. Charging stations are typically deployed along routes for rapid opportunity charging during operational intervals.

Scenario Characteristics: Indoor and outdoor settings including warehouses, logistics centers, and manufacturing workshops. Forklifts operate under high intensity, requiring strict instant high-current discharge capability and extended runtime. Charging time directly impacts operational efficiency.

Scenario Characteristics: Low-speed shuttle vehicles used in golf courses, large scenic areas, resorts, and similar venues. Operating routes are relatively fixed with extended daily usage hours. High demands are placed on battery quietness, zero emissions, and maintenance-free features.